article 4 of the texas constitution creates quizlet29 Mar article 4 of the texas constitution creates quizlet
Can you connect this to postpurchase dissonance? 1-A. The current constitution took effect on February 15, 1876. Directors shall serve without compensation for a term fixed by the Legislature not to exceed six (6) years, shall be selected on the basis of the proportionate population of each county based upon the last preceding Federal Census, and shall be residents of such county. 4 of Comanche County, Texas. Provided, however, that no district shall be created by special law except after thirty (30) days' public notice to the district affected, and in no event may the Legislature provide for a district to be created without the affirmative vote of a majority of the qualified voters in the district concerned. COUNTY COURT; COUNTY JUDGE. (a) The Supreme Court is responsible for the efficient administration of the judicial branch and shall promulgate rules of administration not inconsistent with the laws of the state as may be necessary for the efficient and uniform administration of justice in the various courts. (a) The State shall be divided into judicial districts, with each district having one or more Judges as may be provided by law or by this Constitution. Yet, the principle it establishes, that the powers of government . 7 and the Port Arthur Independent School District, as such boundaries existed on the first day of January, 1957, with the power to issue bonds for the sole purpose of purchasing a site for, and the construction and initial equipping of, a hospital system, and with the power to levy a tax of not to exceed Seventy-five Cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation of property therein for the purpose of paying the principal and interest on such bonds. AIRPORT AUTHORITIES. The commissioners court shall call an election to reinstate the office if the commissioners court receives a petition signed by at least 10 percent of the qualified voters of the precinct. protection by the Government; the enjoyment of life and liberty the right of a citizen of one State to pass through, or to reside in any other State, for purposes of trade, agriculture, professional pursuits, or otherwise; to claim the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus; to institute and maintain actions of any kind in the courts of the State; to take, hold and dispose of property, either real or personal; and an exemption from higher taxes or impositions than are paid by the other citizens of the State. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. The case prohibited the entering upon the public lands of the United States and removing wild burros under the New Mexico Estray Law.[16]. (6) A. Bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate. Texas utilizes a "plural executive" which means the power of the Governor are limited and distributed amongst other executive officials. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 7, 1978, Nov. 4, 1980, Nov. 5, 1985, and Nov. 6, 2001.) The Constitution of the United States contains a preamble and seven articles that describe the way the government is structured and how it operates. (b) An indictment is a written instrument presented to a court by a grand jury charging a person with the commission of an offense. No judge shall sit in any case wherein the judge may be interested, or where either of the parties may be connected with the judge, either by affinity or consanguinity, within such a degree as may be prescribed by law, or when the judge shall have been counsel in the case. However, the accused may prevent extradition by offering clear evidence that he was not in the state he allegedly fled from at the time of the crime. 1. Butler withdrew the clause. In modifying any judicial district, no county having a population as large or larger than the population of the judicial district being reapportioned shall be added to the judicial district. Some contend that the clause requires Congress to treat all citizens equally. GRAND AND PETIT JURIES IN DISTRICT COURTS: COMPOSITION AND VERDICT. 26. The Justices shall have the qualifications prescribed for Justices of the Supreme Court. The Privileges and Immunities Clause requires interstate protection of "privileges and immunities," preventing each state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. (2) The State Commission on Judicial Conduct consists of thirteen (13) members, to wit: (i) one (1) Justice of a Court of Appeals; (ii) one (1) District Judge; (iii) two (2) members of the State Bar, who have respectively practiced as such for over ten (10) consecutive years next preceding their selection; (iv) five (5) citizens, at least thirty (30) years of age, not licensed to practice law nor holding any salaried public office or employment; (v) one (1) Justice of the Peace; (vi) one (1) Judge of a Municipal Court; (vii) one (1) Judge of a County Court at Law; and (viii) one (1) Judge of a Constitutional County Court; provided that no person shall be or remain a member of the Commission, who does not maintain physical residence within this State, or who shall have ceased to retain the qualifications above specified for that person's respective class of membership, and provided that a Commissioner of class (i), (ii), (iii), (vii), or (viii) may not reside or hold a judgeship in the same court of appeals district as another member of the Commission. Article 8 of the Texas Constitution deals with taxation and revenue. On the filing of a sworn complaint charging a person holding such office with willful or persistent violation of rules promulgated by the Supreme Court of Texas, incompetence in performing the duties of the office, willful violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct, or willful and persistent conduct that is clearly inconsistent with the proper performance of his duties or casts public discredit on the judiciary or on the administration of justice, the Commission, after giving the person notice and an opportunity to appear and be heard before the Commission, may recommend to the Supreme Court the suspension of such person from office. The Supreme Court has held that the Constitution requires all states to be admitted on an equal footing, though the Admissions Clause does not expressly include this requirement. If such district or districts are created, they may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed Seventy-five Cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation of taxable property within the district; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. (7) The Commission shall keep itself informed as fully as may be of circumstances relating to the misconduct or disability of particular persons holding an office named in Paragraph A of Subsection (6) of this Section, receive complaints or reports, formal or informal, from any source in this behalf and make such preliminary investigations as it may determine. (Added Nov. 6, 1962; amended Nov. 2, 1999.) (Feb. 15, 1876. [11], When, therefore, Texas became one of the United States, she entered into an indissoluble relation. Thus the Congress, utilizing the discretion allowed by the framers, adopted a policy of equal status for all newly admitted states. The district may provide hospital care, medical care, and other services authorized by the legislature. A majority of such voters, however, voting at such election, may remove a county seat from a point more than five miles from the geographical centre of the county to a point within five miles of such centre, in either case the centre to be determined by a certificate from the Commissioner of the General Land Office. A project created by ISKME. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration The Supreme Court has held that this clause prevents states from reopening cases which have been conclusively decided by the courts of another state. Sec. The Property Clause grants Congress the power to make laws for the territories and other federal lands. Registered voters vote on approval. Under the equal footing doctrine, however, Texas was found not to have control over the three-mile belt after admission into the Union, because the original states did not at the time of joining the union control such waters. Sec. 9B. Sec. This article makes a personal income tax unlikely in Texas because: registered voters in the state must approve a personal income tax. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. 18. Neither of these theories has been endorsed by the Supreme Court, which has held that the clause means that a state may not discriminate against citizens of other states in favor of its own citizens. JUROR QUALIFICATIONS. The First Clause of Section Three, also known as the Admissions Clause,[6] grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Justice of the peace courts shall have original jurisdiction in criminal matters of misdemeanor cases punishable by fine only, exclusive jurisdiction in civil matters where the amount in controversy is two hundred dollars or less, and such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law. 20. The County Judge is the presiding officer of the County Court and has judicial functions as provided by law. (a) The Legislature may by law provide for the creation, establishment, maintenance and operation of Airport Authorities composed of one or more counties, with power to issue general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, either or both of them, for the purchase, acquisition by the exercise of the power of eminent domain or otherwise, construction, reconstruction, repair or renovation of any airport or airports, landing fields and runways, airport buildings, hangars, facilities, equipment, fixtures, and any and all property, real or personal, necessary to operate, equip and maintain an airport. 1. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. [15], Pursuant to a parallel clause in Article One, Section Eight, the Supreme Court has held that states may not tax such federal property. There shall be a Clerk for the District Court of each county, who shall be elected by the qualified voters and who shall hold his office for four years, subject to removal by information, or by indictment of a grand jury, and conviction of a petit jury. The act which consummated her admission into the Union was something more than a compact; it was the incorporation of a new member into the political body. (b) Each county shall, in the manner provided for justice of the peace and constable precincts, be divided into four commissioners precincts in each of which there shall be elected by the qualified voters thereof one County Commissioner, who shall hold his office for four years and until his successor shall be elected and qualified. Amended Nov. 5, 1985, and Nov. 6, 2001.) Any person holding an office named in Paragraph A of this subsection who is eligible for retirement benefits under the laws of this state providing for judicial retirement may be involuntarily retired, and any person holding an office named in that paragraph who is not eligible for retirement benefits under such laws may be removed from office, for disability seriously interfering with the performance of his duties, which is, or is likely to become, permanent in nature. LEGAL CHALLENGES TO CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STATE STATUTES. Amended Nov. 2, 1954, and Nov. 2, 1993.). (Feb. 15, 1876. Section 3. This latter provision was designed to give Eastern states that still had claims to Western lands (e.g., Virginia and North Carolina) to have a veto over whether their western counties (which eventually became Kentucky and Tennessee) could become states. In another case, Kleppe v. New Mexico, the Court ruled that the federal Wild Horse and Burro Act was a constitutional exercise of congressional power under the Property Clause at least insofar as it was applied to a finding of trespass. [21] The court rejected the challenge, finding the challenge to have presented a nonjusticiable political question that only Congress can resolve. Commissioners of classes (i), (ii), (vii), and (viii) above shall be chosen by the Supreme Court with advice and consent of the Senate, those of class (iii) by the Board of Directors of the State Bar under regulations to be prescribed by the Supreme Court with advice and consent of the Senate, those of class (iv) by appointment of the Governor with advice and consent of the Senate, and the commissioners of classes (v) and (vi) by appointment of the Supreme Court as provided by law, with the advice and consent of the Senate. A jury in the County Court shall consist of six persons; but no jury shall be empaneled to try a civil case unless demanded by one of the parties, who shall pay such jury fee therefor, in advance, as may be prescribed by law, unless the party makes affidavit that the party is unable to pay the jury fee. Sec. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. [2] Alleged fugitives generally may not challenge extradition proceedings. IX, Nov. 6, 2001.) CREATION AND FUNDING OF HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN CITY OF AMARILLO, WICHITA COUNTY, AND JEFFERSON COUNTY. This article makes a personal income tax unlikely in Texas because: registered voters in the state must approve a personal income tax. Ralph dies without having made a will. Once the new Constitution went into effect, however, Congress admitted Vermont and Kentucky on equal terms and thereafter formalized the condition in its acts of admission for subsequent states, declaring that the new state enters "on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever." Service on the tribunal shall be considered part of the official duties of a judge, and no additional compensation may be paid for such service. Revision and Adaptation. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. (2) prescribe a reasonable period, which may not exceed 45 days, after the provision of that notice during which the court may not enter a judgment holding the statute unconstitutional. The United States Constitution provides that the House of Representatives "shall have the sole Power of Impeachment" (Article I, section 2) and "the Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments [but] no person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two-thirds of the Members present" (Article I, section 3).The president, vice president, and all civil officers of the United . 5a. Texas State Library and Archives Commission.The 1870s: The Constitutional Convention of 1875, Revision and Adaptation. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. Federal lands, and other services authorized by the framers, adopted a policy of equal status all. 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