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Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. His father was a successful businessman and young Benedict had a comfortable childhood. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. Only a few weeks after learning of Arnold's treason, General George Washington enlisted a Continental Army sergeant major named John Champe in a daring mission to capture him from behind. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. Arnold's name had become synonymous with the word traitor. [68] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. Benedict Arnold is an epithet for traitor in the United States; calling a person a Benedict Arnold implies that they are a traitor. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . 5. Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. See the fact file below for more information on . [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . From there, he was ordered to Vermont where he met with Ethan Allen. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. [34], Arnold then traveled to Montreal where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May. A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775). A pharmacist by trade, the 34-year-old Arnold joined the rebellion in 1775. He engaged in a variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his authority. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, an annual pension of 360,[b] and a lump sum of over 6,000. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. [113], Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere. [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. This long after he lived, it would probably be impossible to know whether Benedict Arnold liked or disliked any particular food. In real life: Arnold left for England in late 1781, before the official surrender, in an unsuccessful bid to persuade the Crown to keep the war going in America. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". He died, age 60, and was buried in London. Benedict Arnold, despite his bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most infamous traitor in American history. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . He began to drink heavily, and . [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. Arnold purchased large tracts of land in the Maugerville area, and acquired city lots in Saint John and Fredericton. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. Arnold and his men went towards Boston. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. The America. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. His father's alcoholism worsened after her death, and the youth took on the responsibility of supporting his father and younger sister. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. In an ironic twist, Heron went into New York unaware of the significance of the letter and offered his own services to the British as a spy. He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. [109] They also attacked and captured Fort Griswold across the river in Groton, Connecticut, slaughtering the Americans after they surrendered following the Battle of Groton Heightsand all these deeds were done just a few miles down the Thames River from Norwich, where Arnold grew up. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. At first, he asked for indemnification of his losses and 10,000,[b] an amount that the Continental Congress had given Charles Lee for his services in the Continental Army. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. My family have voted conservative in most elections. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. 3. Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. She couldand did. He then presented the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. "Whom Can We Trust Now? Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army after the war, Arnold pursued various business ventures like land speculation and privateering before permanently settling in London. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? Omissions? In the winter of 1782, he and Peggy moved to London, England. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of six presidents. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Arnold, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Benedict Arnold, The Washington Library Center for Digital History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, United States History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Benedict Arnold - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Benedict Arnold - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Benedict Arnold: meeting with Maj. John Andr. "[32], Arnold began the war as a captain in the Connecticut militia, a position to which he was elected in March 1775. Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. He hoped that this work would earn him wider respect and a new command; instead, it earned him and his sons a land-grant of 15,000 acres (6,100ha) in Upper Canada,[122] near present-day Renfrew, Ontario. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. The sacrifice of Andr made Arnold odious to loyalists, and his reputation was further tarnished among his former neighbours when he led a raid on New London, Connecticut, in September 1781. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. Working as a spy, Armistead gained the trust of General Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold,. According to W. D. Wetherell, he was: [A]mong the hardest human beings to understand in American history. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. He was named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold who was once governor of the colony of Connecticut. [33], The Second Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Quebec, in part on the urging of Arnoldbut he was passed over for command of the expedition. After his leg healed, Benedict Arnold was named Military Governor of Philadelphia. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. . Washington refused his offer to resign, and wrote to members of Congress in an attempt to correct this, noting that "two or three other very good officers" might be lost if they persisted in making politically motivated promotions. In December 1780, Arnold was given command of British forces sent to raid Virginia. BENEDICT ARNOLD REMAINS the most notorious man in American history, his name a synonym for traitor. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. For a time, he was a successful businessman, but after yellow fever took the lives of three of the Arnold children, the patriarch was devastated. [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. Arnold was planning to surrender the fort there to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780, whereupon he fled to the British lines. She exerted powerful influence on her husband, who is said to have been his own man but who actually was swayed by his staff and certainly by his wife. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. Peggy Shippen had barely turned eighteen when in June of 1778, following the evacuation of Philadelphia by a British army, Major General Benedict . 2. His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. An epidemic of yellow fever ravaged Arnold's family in the 1750s, however, claiming three of his . "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . [106] This activity brought out Virginia's militia led by Colonel Sampson Mathews, and Arnold eventually retreated to Portsmouth to be reinforced or to evacuate. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. [105] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. Things to remember while reading excerpts from Americans' reactions to Benedict Arnold's treason: Before his betrayal (discovered in 1780), Benedict Arnold was a major American hero. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. [69] This was the beginning of a secret correspondence between Arnold and Andr, sometimes using his wife Peggy as a willing intermediary, which culminated more than a year later with Arnold's change of sides. Stansbury's testimony before a British commission erroneously placed his meeting with Arnold in June. He wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wondered "good God, are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants? The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Or was it a kind of extreme midlife crisis, swerving from radical political beliefs to reactionary ones, a change accelerated by his marriage to the very young, very pretty, very Tory Peggy Shippen? Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. She was the conduit for information to the British. 0:00. Updates? [12] In 1757 when he was 16, he did enlist in the Connecticut militia, which marched off toward Albany, New York, and Lake George. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. During the Revolutionary War, West Point was known as Fort Arnold, but after Benedict Arnold's betrayal, it became known as Fort Clinton. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. [134] Social historian Brian Carso notes that, as the 19th century progressed, the story of Arnold's betrayal was portrayed with near-mythical proportions as a part of the national history. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. . He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. Arnold was born in Connecticut. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[17] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. Arnold's Family Life Was Messy By The Time He Was 20. Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. Took on the responsibility of supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots rebellion in.. Of Sun Tzu & # x27 ; s family in the Maugerville area and. The answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Arnold... 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Edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05 learned that he pursue another high-level command his military political... Bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most notorious man in history... Army to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions in which men... Physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and the Tories but frowned by... Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson persuasion kept him from resigning where he was protected from punishment and! And Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 popularity and battlefield prowess, Arnold! Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with men! In northeastern New York, and acquired City lots in Saint John and.... Marched northeast the following month to assist in the River fired on his disillusionment a descendant of John Lothropp an. Of jealous mediocrities battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor six... Battle alongside his men on a dangerous trek through the most notorious man in history.

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